Destinations

Afghanistan: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Albania: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Algeria: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Andorra: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Angola: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Antigua and Barbuda: mosquito-borne illness, sun exposure and water hygiene are the primary risks, plus hurricane season planning (Jun–Nov).

Good urban healthcare. Altitude in the northwest and dengue in the north are the main risks.

Armenia: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Excellent healthcare. Sun exposure, marine life, and rural venomous creatures are unique risks.

Austria: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Azerbaijan: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Bahamas: mosquito-borne illness, sun exposure and water hygiene are the primary risks, plus hurricane season planning (Jun–Nov).

Bahrain: heat, food and water hygiene, and respiratory illness are the main concerns. Check entry rules, which can change quickly.

Bangladesh: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Barbados: mosquito-borne illness, sun exposure and water hygiene are the primary risks, plus hurricane season planning (Jun–Nov).

Belarus: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Belgium: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Belize: good medical access in urban centres, but care can be very expensive — travel insurance is essential.

Benin: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Bhutan: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Bolivia: yellow fever, altitude and mosquito-borne illness are the key planning points, depending on your route.

Bosnia and Herzegovina: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Botswana: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Yellow fever vaccine strongly recommended. Diverse ecosystems from Amazon to beaches.

Brunei: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Bulgaria: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Burkina Faso: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Burundi: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Cambodia: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Cameroon: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Excellent healthcare; visitors are not covered, so insurance is essential. Cold and wildlife are the distinctive risks.

Cape Verde: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Central African Republic: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Chad: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Very good healthcare and safe water. Altitude in the Atacama and UV exposure stand out.

Modern city hospitals; rural care is variable. Air quality and food hygiene are common concerns.

Altitude in Bogotá, mosquito-borne illness in lowlands, and yellow fever requirements for some areas.

Comoros: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Congo (DR): tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Congo (Republic): tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Eco-tourism hub with good private healthcare and mosquito-borne illness in lowlands.

Côte d’Ivoire: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Croatia: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Medical insurance is mandatory for entry. Pharmacy shortages mean you should bring all your own medication.

Cyprus: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Czechia: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Denmark: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Djibouti: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Dominica: mosquito-borne illness, sun exposure and water hygiene are the primary risks, plus hurricane season planning (Jun–Nov).

Popular beach destination. Standard tropical precautions apply.

Ecuador: yellow fever, altitude and mosquito-borne illness are the key planning points, depending on your route.

Nile cruises and desert heat. Food- and water-borne illness is the leading traveler complaint.

El Salvador: good medical access in urban centres, but care can be very expensive — travel insurance is essential.

Equatorial Guinea: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Eritrea: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Estonia: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Eswatini: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

High-altitude capital reduces malaria risk in Addis, but lowlands carry significant transmission.

Island resorts with dengue, typhoid and leptospirosis risk, especially after heavy rain.

Finland: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

High-quality healthcare. Standard European travel precautions apply.

Gabon: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Gambia: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Georgia: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Excellent healthcare system. Tick-borne encephalitis in southern forests is the notable risk.

Ghana: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Island travel with extreme summer heat and limited medical facilities on smaller islands.

Greenland: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Grenada: mosquito-borne illness, sun exposure and water hygiene are the primary risks, plus hurricane season planning (Jun–Nov).

Guatemala: good medical access in urban centres, but care can be very expensive — travel insurance is essential.

Guinea: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Guinea-Bissau: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Guyana: yellow fever, altitude and mosquito-borne illness are the key planning points, depending on your route.

Haiti: mosquito-borne illness, sun exposure and water hygiene are the primary risks, plus hurricane season planning (Jun–Nov).

Honduras: good medical access in urban centres, but care can be very expensive — travel insurance is essential.

Hong Kong (SAR): food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Hungary: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Iceland: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Diverse climate zones. Traveler's diarrhea and mosquito-borne illness are common concerns.

Bali and thousands of islands. Rabies, dengue and 'Bali belly' are the top issues.

Iran: heat, food and water hygiene, and respiratory illness are the main concerns. Check entry rules, which can change quickly.

Iraq: heat, food and water hygiene, and respiratory illness are the main concerns. Check entry rules, which can change quickly.

Ireland: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Advanced healthcare. Heat, dehydration and Dead Sea specific precautions apply.

High-quality care; standard European precautions with summer heat as the main concern.

Resort travel with mosquito-borne illness and sun exposure as the main concerns.

Excellent medical infrastructure. Very low risk of infectious disease.

Petra and desert travel. Dehydration and stomach upsets are the usual complaints.

Kazakhstan: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Safari destination with tropical climate. Yellow fever certificate required if arriving from an endemic country.

Kiribati: low infectious risk in Australia and New Zealand; Pacific islands carry dengue and limited medical facilities.

Kuwait: heat, food and water hygiene, and respiratory illness are the main concerns. Check entry rules, which can change quickly.

Kyrgyzstan: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Laos: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Latvia: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Lebanon: heat, food and water hygiene, and respiratory illness are the main concerns. Check entry rules, which can change quickly.

Lesotho: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Liberia: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Libya: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Liechtenstein: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Lithuania: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Luxembourg: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Madagascar: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Malawi: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Malaysia: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Maldives: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Mali: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Malta: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Marshall Islands: low infectious risk in Australia and New Zealand; Pacific islands carry dengue and limited medical facilities.

Mauritania: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Mauritius: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Popular resort destination. Traveler's diarrhea and mosquito-borne illness in coastal areas.

Micronesia: low infectious risk in Australia and New Zealand; Pacific islands carry dengue and limited medical facilities.

Moldova: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Monaco: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Mongolia: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Montenegro: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Markets, mountains and desert. Stomach upsets and animal bites are the main risks.

Mozambique: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Myanmar: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Namibia: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Nauru: low infectious risk in Australia and New Zealand; Pacific islands carry dengue and limited medical facilities.

Trekking destination where altitude sickness outranks infectious disease as the main hazard.

Excellent healthcare; cycling injuries are a more likely issue than infection.

Very low infectious disease risk. Outdoor adventure injuries and intense UV are the real hazards.

Nicaragua: good medical access in urban centres, but care can be very expensive — travel insurance is essential.

Niger: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Yellow fever vaccination is required for entry. High malaria transmission year-round.

North Korea: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

North Macedonia: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Norway: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Oman: heat, food and water hygiene, and respiratory illness are the main concerns. Check entry rules, which can change quickly.

Pakistan: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Palau: low infectious risk in Australia and New Zealand; Pacific islands carry dengue and limited medical facilities.

Palestine: heat, food and water hygiene, and respiratory illness are the main concerns. Check entry rules, which can change quickly.

Panama: good medical access in urban centres, but care can be very expensive — travel insurance is essential.

Papua New Guinea: low infectious risk in Australia and New Zealand; Pacific islands carry dengue and limited medical facilities.

Paraguay: yellow fever, altitude and mosquito-borne illness are the key planning points, depending on your route.

Altitude sickness in Cusco and Machu Picchu is the top concern.

Island destination with typhoon season, dengue and leptospirosis after flooding.

Poland: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Low health risk with good hospitals; summer heat and Atlantic surf hazards dominate.

Puerto Rico: mosquito-borne illness, sun exposure and water hygiene are the primary risks, plus hurricane season planning (Jun–Nov).

Qatar: heat, food and water hygiene, and respiratory illness are the main concerns. Check entry rules, which can change quickly.

Romania: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Russia: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Rwanda: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Saint Kitts and Nevis: mosquito-borne illness, sun exposure and water hygiene are the primary risks, plus hurricane season planning (Jun–Nov).

Saint Lucia: mosquito-borne illness, sun exposure and water hygiene are the primary risks, plus hurricane season planning (Jun–Nov).

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: mosquito-borne illness, sun exposure and water hygiene are the primary risks, plus hurricane season planning (Jun–Nov).

Samoa: low infectious risk in Australia and New Zealand; Pacific islands carry dengue and limited medical facilities.

San Marino: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Sao Tome and Principe: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Meningococcal vaccination is required for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims. Extreme heat year-round.

Senegal: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Serbia: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Seychelles: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Sierra Leone: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Singapore: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Slovakia: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Slovenia: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Solomon Islands: low infectious risk in Australia and New Zealand; Pacific islands carry dengue and limited medical facilities.

Somalia: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Modern infrastructure in cities; malaria risk in Kruger and low-veld areas.

World-class healthcare and very low infectious disease risk.

South Sudan: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Strong public healthcare. Heatwaves and sun exposure are the main seasonal risks.

Sri Lanka: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Sudan: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Suriname: yellow fever, altitude and mosquito-borne illness are the key planning points, depending on your route.

Sweden: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Top-tier healthcare at very high cost. Alpine altitude and tick-borne encephalitis are key risks.

Syria: heat, food and water hygiene, and respiratory illness are the main concerns. Check entry rules, which can change quickly.

Taiwan: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Tajikistan: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Serengeti, Zanzibar and Kilimanjaro. Malaria risk is countrywide below 1800m.

Popular tropical destination. Dengue and mosquito-borne illness are the main concerns.

Timor-Leste: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Togo: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Tonga: low infectious risk in Australia and New Zealand; Pacific islands carry dengue and limited medical facilities.

Trinidad and Tobago: mosquito-borne illness, sun exposure and water hygiene are the primary risks, plus hurricane season planning (Jun–Nov).

Tunisia: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Good private hospitals in cities; standard food and water precautions in rural regions.

Turkmenistan: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Tuvalu: low infectious risk in Australia and New Zealand; Pacific islands carry dengue and limited medical facilities.

Uganda: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Ukraine: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Modern healthcare. Heat and dehydration are the primary risks.

Low health risk. NHS provides emergency care.

Excellent care but very expensive without insurance. Travel insurance strongly recommended.

Uruguay: yellow fever, altitude and mosquito-borne illness are the key planning points, depending on your route.

Uzbekistan: food, water and mosquito-borne illness are the leading traveller health risks. Risk varies sharply between cities and rural areas.

Vanuatu: low infectious risk in Australia and New Zealand; Pacific islands carry dengue and limited medical facilities.

Vatican City: healthcare standards are generally high. Focus on routine vaccinations, travel insurance and everyday injury prevention.

Venezuela: yellow fever, altitude and mosquito-borne illness are the key planning points, depending on your route.

Tropical climate with year-round dengue in urban areas and rich street food culture.

Yemen: heat, food and water hygiene, and respiratory illness are the main concerns. Check entry rules, which can change quickly.

Zambia: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.

Zimbabwe: tropical and sub-tropical health risks are the main concern. Confirm yellow fever and malaria requirements for your exact itinerary with a travel clinic 6–8 weeks before departure.